Critical Thinker Academy: Learn to Think Like a Philosopher

How to improve your grades, advance in your job and expand your mind -- by learning how to think for yourself!

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Kevin deLaplante

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19.0 giờ video

210 bài giảng

29 bài quiz

Truy cập vĩnh viễn

Học trên mọi thiết bị

Cập nhật: 12/09/2026

#Argumentation #Critical Thinking #Logic #Philosophy

Bạn sẽ học được gì

fundamental concepts of critical thinking (logic, argument analysis, rhetoric, reasoning with probabilities, the importance of background knowledge, etc.)

the importance of critical thinking for personal development, participation in democratic society, and the pursuit of wisdom

the role that critical thinking principles play in good essay writing

how cognitive biases make us prone to errors in how we form beliefs and make judgments

how our tribal psychology and political polarization affect our ability to think critically

how debates in science often turn on the meanings of key terms, like "theory", "fact", "hypothesis" and "law"

and much more!

Yêu cầu

An interest in improving one's critical thinking skills. That's it!

Đối tượng phù hợp

anyone who thinks that critical thinking is important and would like to learn more about it

anyone who is required to think and write argumentatively

anyone interested in the psychology of belief, judgment and persuasion

anyone interested in philosophy and who would like to learn more about philosophical ideas and methods

anyone taking a logic or philosophy class who would like to brush up on their basic logic and argumentation skills

anyone interested in scientific debates, or the philosophy of science

anyone interested in tribalism and contemporary politics

Nội dung khóa học

21 phần • 207 bài giảng

1 What People Are Saying ...

2 How to Use The Course Materials

1 Why Critical Thinking is Important - PDF Ebook

2 Logical Self-Defense

3 Personal Empowerment

4 Liberal Democracy and Civic Duty

5 Philosophy and the Search for Wisdom

1 The Five Pillars of Critical Thinking - PDF Ebook

2 The Five Pillars of Critical Thinking

3 Logic for Critical Thinkers

4 Argumentation versus Rhetoric

5 Critical Thinking's Dirty Secret

6 What Critical Thinkers Can Learn From Good Actors

1 Cognitive Biases and Critical Thinking - PDF Ebook

2 Cognitive Biases: Introduction

3 Cognitive Biases and the Authority of Science

4 Cognitive Biases and the Evolution of Reason

1 Introduction

2 Belief, Identity and Resistance: Introduction to the Core Belief Model

3 What is Tribalism? Why is it Dangerous?

4 Our Tribal Intelligence: Personal vs Group Knowledge

5 In Our Tribe We Trust: How Group Identities Shape Our Thinking

6 Appendix to "Our Tribal Intelligence": The Knowledge Illusion

1 Value Pluralism: We Care About Many Kinds of Values

2 Tribalism and the Focusing Illusion

3 Polarization and Politics: How it Impairs Our Critical Thinking Faculties

1 Introduction

2 Is Evolution a Theory, a Fact, or Both?

3 Overview

4 An Important Distinction: Epistemically Loaded versus Neutral Language

5 "Theory" as Down-Player

6 "Theory" as Up-Player

7 Why We Need an Epistemically Neutral Concept of "Theory"

8 A Neutral Definition of "Theory": A Classical (but incomplete) Story

9 A Neutral Definition of "Theory": A More Sophisticated Story

10 "You Can't Deny the Facts": An Epistemically Loaded Definition of "Fact"

11 "I Had the Facts Wrong": An Epistemically Neutral Definition of "Fact"

12 Can There Be Theoretical Facts?

13 Epistemically Loaded Definitions of "Law"

14 Examples of Laws in Biology and Psychology

15 Examples of Laws in Astronomy and Physics

16 Unpacking the Neutral Concept of "Law"

17 But Are There Any Laws?

18 A Quick Word: Are Laws Explanatory?

19 "That's Just a Hypothesis": An Epistemically Loaded Definition of "Hypothesis"

20 An Epistemically Neutral Definition of "Hypothesis"

21 Introduction: What is a Model?

22 Maps and Models

23 Models as Tools For Reasoning About the World

24 How Equations Can Be Models

25 Is There a Difference Between a Model and a Theory?

26 Introduction: Theories, Models, Truth and Reality

27 The Challenge of Interpreting Scientific Theories

28 Prediction and Truth: Lessons from Ptolemy

29 Prediction and Truth: Lessons From the Kinetic Theory of Gases

30 Assignment: Critique a 7 Minute Video on the Vocabulary of Science

31 Here's the Video: "Fact vs. Theory vs. Hypothesis vs. Law ... EXPLAINED!"

32 1. The Motivation For the Video

33 2. "Scales of Truthiness"

34 3. The Fundamental Error

35 4. The Problem With Defining Facts in Terms of Observations

36 5. Problems With Defining Hypotheses as Starting Points For Inquiry

37 6. Problems With Defining Theories as Well-Supported

38 7. Problems With Defining Evolution as an Observable Fact

39 8. Problems With Defining Laws in Terms of Observations

40 9. Can Laws Explain, or Do They Just Describe? Kepler, Newton and Einstein

41 10. Analyzing the Last Slide

42 11. Who is to Blame?

1 Critical Thinking About Conspiracies - PDF Ebook

2 Critical Thinking About Conspiracies (I): Introduction

3 Critical Thinking About Conspiracies (II): The Argument for Default Skepticism

4 Critical Thinking About Conspiracies (III): Mind Control and Falsifiability

5 Causation, God and the Big Bang - PDF Ebook

6 Causation, God and the Big Bang

7 Five Reasons to Major in Philosophy - PDF Ebook

8 Five Reasons to Major in Philosophy

1 Basic Concepts in Logic and Argumentation - PDF Ebook

2 What is an Argument?

3 What is a Claim, or Statement?

4 What is a Good Argument? (I)

5 Identifying Premises and Conclusions

6 The Truth Condition

7 The Logic Condition

8 Valid vs Invalid Arguments

9 Strong vs Weak Arguments

10 What is a Good Argument? (II)

11 Deductive Arguments and Valid Reasoning

12 Inductive Arguments and Invalid Reasoning

13 Induction and Scientific Reasoning

1 Basic Concepts in Propositional Logic - PDF Ebook

2 Introduction

3 Conjunctions (A and B)

4 Disjunctions (A or B)

5 Conditionals (If A then B)

6 Contradictories (not-A)

7 Contradictories vs Contraries

8 Contradictions (A and not-A)

9 Consistent vs Inconsistent Sets of Claims

10 not-(not-A)

11 not-(A and B)

12 not-(A or B)

13 not-(If A then B)

14 A if B

15 A only if B

16 A if and only if B

17 A unless B

18 The Contrapositive: If not-B then not-A

19 (not-A) or B

20 Necessary and Sufficient

21 Categorical vs Propositional Logic

22 All A are B

23 Some A are B

24 Only A are B

25 The Square of Opposition

1 Formal Fallacies: Common Valid and Invalid Argument Forms - PDF Ebook

2 Valid Forms Using OR

3 Invalid Forms Using OR

4 Modus Ponens

5 Modus Tollens

6 Hypothetical Syllogism

7 Affirming the Consequent

8 Denying the Antecedent

9 Valid and Invalid Forms Using ALL

10 Valid and Invalid Forms Using SOME

1 Informal Fallacies: A Guided Tour - PDF Ebook

2 What is a Fallacy?

3 Categorizing Fallacies: Pros and Cons

4 The Rules of Rational Argumentation

5 Ad Hominem (Abusive)

6 Ad Hominem (Guilt by Association)

7 Appeal to Hypocrisy (tu quoque)

8 Appeal to Popular Belief (or Practice)

9 Appeal to Authority

10 False Dilemma

11 Slippery Slope

12 Straw Man

13 Red Herring

14 Begging the Question (Narrow Sense)

15 Begging the Question (Broad Sense)

1 What is Probability? - PDF Ebook

2 Probability: Why Learn This Stuff?

3 What is Inductive Logic?

4 Probability as a Mathematical Object vs What That Object Represents

5 Classical Probability

6 Logical Probability

7 Frequency Interpretations

8 Subjective (Bayesian) Probability

9 Propensity Interpretations

1 The Rules for Reasoning with Probabilities - PDF Ebook

2 What Has a Probability? Propositions vs Events

3 Probabilities Range Between 0 and 1

4 Mutually Exclusive Events

5 Independent Events

6 The Negation Rule: P(not-A)

7 Restricted Disjunction Rule: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

8 General Disjunction Rule: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

9 Restricted Conjunction Rule: P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B)

10 General Conjunction Rule: P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B|A)

11 General Conditional Probability Rule

12 Total Probability Rule

13 Bayes' Rule

14 Answers to Probability Theory Quiz Questions

1 Introduction: Work in Progress ...

1 Critical Thinking About Coincidences: Introduction

2 The Basic Fallacy

3 Borel's Law: Understanding Impossible Events

4 How to Create the Illusion of Miraculous Predictive Power

5 Bài toán Sinh nhật, Những Trùng hợp trong Xổ số, và Sức mạnh của Những Con số Rất Lớn

1 Giới thiệu

2 Ngộ nhận Cơ bản

3 Tính công bằng, Thành kiến và Tính độc lập

4 Làm sao để Biết một Tình huống Cơ hội là Không công bằng?

5 Vật lý đằng sau Việc Tung đồng xu

6 Trò chơi Sòng bạc: Tại sao Nhà cái Luôn Thắng

7 Yếu tố Nhận thức và Tâm lý học Cờ bạc

1 Ngộ nhận về Mẫu nhỏ: Tìm kiếm Nguyên nhân cho các Hiện tượng Thống kê Giả tạo

1 Cách Viết một Bài luận Tranh luận Tốt - Sách điện tử PDF

2 Giới thiệu

3 Cấu trúc Năm phần Tối thiểu

4 Viết phần Mở bài

5 Viết phần Kết luận

6 Bài luận: Giáo viên Có nên Được phép Cấm Máy tính xách tay trong Lớp học?

7 Phân tích: Phần Mở bài

8 Phân tích: Thân bài: Luận điểm Thứ nhất

9 Phân tích: Thân bài: Luận điểm Thứ hai

10 Phân tích: Thân bài: Luận điểm Thứ ba

11 Phân tích: Thân bài: Đánh giá và Đề xuất

12 Phân tích: Phần Kết luận

13 Bài luận: Phiên bản Đã cải thiện

14 Bài luận: Phiên bản Đã cải thiện kèm Bình luận

1 Cách Trích dẫn Nguồn và Tránh Đạo văn - Sách điện tử PDF

2 Giới thiệu

3 Đạo văn: Định nghĩa Cơ bản

4 Tải xuống hoặc Mua Toàn bộ Bài viết

5 Cắt và Dán từ Nhiều Nguồn

6 Thay đổi Một số Từ nhưng Sao chép Nguyên Cụm từ

7 Diễn giải mà Không Ghi công

8 Tranh luận về Việc Viết vá víu (Patchwriting)

9 Khi nào Tôi nên Trích dẫn một Nguồn?

10 Cái gì Cần được Trích dẫn?

11 Cách Trích dẫn: Đánh dấu Ranh giới

12 Trích dẫn Nguyên văn

13 Trích dẫn một Đoạn dài hơn

14 Trích dẫn một Nguồn nhưng Không Dẫn nguyên văn

15 Một Lưu ý về Kiến thức Phổ thông

16 Các Phong cách Trích dẫn: MLA, APA, CSE, Chicago, Turabian

1 Bài giảng Thêm: Các Khóa học Khác tôi Dạy, Podcast tôi Sản xuất, v.v.

Giới thiệu khóa học

For long-term success in school, business and life, learning HOW to think is far more important than learning WHAT to think.

Yet rather than serve as the core of any education worthy of a rational human being, we have relegated the teaching of logic, argument analysis and critical reasoning to specialty courses in universities that reach too few students, too late in their education.

In this course I share my growing understanding of these topics, with a focus on what is practically important and useful for developing as independent critical thinkers.

Currently the course contains over 200 videos totalling over 19 hours of viewing time!

Among the topics you will learn:

why critical thinking is important
the difference between logic and argumentation
what makes an argument good or bad
the importance of background knowledge for critical thinking
techniques of argument analysis and reconstruction
what our growing understanding of the human mind tells us about how we actually form beliefs and make decisions
how tribalism and political polarization affect our ability to think critically
how scientific debates often turn on the meanings of key terms, like "theory", "law", and "hypothesis"
how to reason about chance and uncertainty
how to write a good argumentative essay
how to cite sources and avoid plagiarism in your writing

and much more! This content is drawn from a variety of teaching resources I've developed over the past few years, including a video podcast.

It's important for you to know that I am continuing to add videos and course modules on a regular basis. This course will continue to grow and grow -- I have a LOT OF GROUND that I want to cover! This is ONLY THE BEGINNING!